economicsВестник РГГУ. Серия "Экономика и управление"RSUH/RGGU BULLETIN. Series Economics. Management. Law2073-6304Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)10.28995/2073-6304-2019-4-52-66economics-214Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКАECONOMYПревратят ли крупнейшие мировые нефтегазовые компании блокчейн в свое конкурентное преимущество?Will the major oil and gas corporations make blockchain their competitive advantage?КопытинИ. А.KopytinI. A.

Иван А. Копытин, кандидат экономических наук

117997, Москва, Профсоюзная, 23

Ivan A. Kopytin, Cand. of Sci. (Economics)

bld. 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 117997

kopytin@imemo.ruНациональный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е.М. Примакова РАНРоссияPrimakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201916032020045266Copyright © Копытин И.А., 20202020Копытин И.А.Kopytin I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://economics.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/214

В настоящей статье проанализирована политика крупнейших мировых нефтегазовых компаний по интеграции блокчейна в структуру бизнеса. Установлено, что главные усилия супермейджеры и мейджоры сконцентрировали на цифровизации торговли углеводородами и торгового финансирования. Для реализации этой цели созданы многосторонние альянсы, включающие нефтегазовые компании, банки и нефтяных трейдеров. В последнее время начали формироваться партнерства для тестирования применения блокчейн технологий для сравнительно легко цифровизируемых нефтегазовых операций и активов. Европейские супермейджеры BP и Royal Dutch Shell в рамках своих корпоративных стратегий активно экспериментируют с возможностями повышения за счет блокчейна прибыльности бизнеса на всех стадиях создания добавленной стоимости. Проведенный анализ позволил сделать вывод, что проекты по встраиванию блокчейн-технологий в бизнес модели нефтегазовых компаний остаются пока в переходной фазе от стадии подтверждения концепции (proof-of-concept) до стадии рыночной реализации. Массового корпоративного применения блокчейна следует ожидать с середины 2020-х гг. Нефтегазовые компании, первыми внедрившие блокчейн-решения, могут получить критические конкурентные преимущества.

The article analyses policies of the world largest oil and gas companies to integrate blockchain into their business structure. It is revealed that super-majors and majors concentrate mainly on digitalization of the hydrocarbons trade and trade financing. The multilateral alliances, involving the oil and gas companies, banks and oil traders, have been established in order to implement that goal. Recently partnerships for testing blockchain use in the relatively easily digitalized oil operations and actives were launched. European supermajors BP и Royal Dutch Shell within their strategies actively experiment with possibility to increase the business profitability through using blockchain at all stages of value added creation. The analyses allowed to conclude that projects to inbuilt blockchain into the business models of oil and gas companies remain so far at the transitionary phase from the proof-of-concept stage to that of the market implementation. Large scale enterprise use of blockchain one has to expect from the middle of the 2020-s. Oil and gas companies who will be the first to implement blockchain applications could attain critical competitive advantages.

блокчейннефтегазовые компанииконкурентные преимуществацифровизацияторговля нефтью и газомумные контрактыblockchainoil and gas companiescompetitive advantagesdigitalizationoil and gas tradesmart contractsReferencesГлобальная 2010 – Глобальная трансформация инновационных систем / Ред. Н.И. Иванова. M: ИМЭМО РАН, 2010. 163 с.Barett, J., Sheth, S. and Vile, A. (2019), “From PoC to Production: Implementing an enterprise blockchain solution”, Thought Works, July.Зенкина 2014 – Зенкина Е.В. Развитие международного бизнеса в постиндустриальной экономике // Известия МГТУ «МАМИ». Серия «Экономика и управление». 2014. № 1 (19). Т. 5. C. 34–36.Dutsch, G., and Steinebecke, N. (2017), “Use Cases for Blockchain Technology in Energy & Commodity Trading”, PWC, July.Baritt, Sheth, Vile 2019 – Baritt J., Sheth S., Vile A. From PoC to Production: Implementing an enterprise blockchain solution // Thought Works/Vakt. 2019. July.Energy Futures Initiative (2018), “Promising blockchain applications for energy: Separating the signal from the noise”, Energy futures initiative, July, Washington D.C.Dutsch, Steinebecke 2017 – Dutsch, G. and Steinebecke, N. Use Cases for Blockchain Technology in Energy & Commodity Trading //PWC. 2017. July. 20 p.EY (2017), Overview of blockchain for energy and commodity trading. Ernst & Young LLP.Energy Futures Initiative 2018 – Energy Futures Initiative. Promising Blockchain Applications for Energy: Separating the Signal from the Noise // Energy futures initiative. 2018. July. Washington D.C. 35 p.Giancaspro, M. (2017), “Is a ‘smart contract’ really a smart idea? Insights from a legal perspective”, Computer Law and Security Review, vol. 33, issue 6, pp. 825–835.EY 2017 – EY. Overview of blockchain for energy and commodity trading. Ernst & Young LLP. 2017. 8 p.Ivanova, N.I. (ed.) (2010), Global’naya transformatziya innovatzionnykh system [Global transformation of innovation systems], IMEMO RAN, Moscow, Russia.Giancaspro 2017 – Giancaspro M. Is a “smart contract” really a smart idea? Insights from a legal perspective // Computer Law and Security Review. 2017. Vol. 33. Issue 6. P. 825–835.Koeppen, M., Shrier, D. and Bazilian, M. (2017), “Is Blockchain’s Future in Oil and Gas Transformative or Transient?”, Deloitte Development LLC.Koeppen, Shrier, Bazilian 2017 – Koeppen M., Shrier D., Bazilian M. Is Blockchain’s Future in Oil and Gas Transformative or Transient? // Deloitte Development LLC. 2017. 11 p.Lakhanpal, V. and Samuel, R. (2018), Implementing Blockchain Technology in Oil and Gas Industry: A Review, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas.Lakhanpal, Samuel 2018 – Lakhanpal V., Samuel R. Implementing Blockchain Technology in Oil and Gas Industry: A Review // SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Dallas, Texas. 2018. 12 p.Lu, H., Huang, K., Azimi, M. and Guo, L. (2019), “Blockchain Technology in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review of Applications, Opportunities, Challenges, and Risks”, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 41426–41444.Lu, Huang, Azimi, Guo 2019 – Lu H., Huang K., Azimi M., Guo L. Blockchain Technology in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review of applications, opportunities, challenges, and risks // IEEE Access. 2019. Vol. 7. P. 41426–41444.Mittal, A., Slaughter, A. and Zonneveld, P. (2017), “Protecting the connected barrels: Cybersecurity for upstream oil and gas”, Deloitte Insights, London, U.K.Mittal, Slaughter, Zonneveld 2017 – Mittal A., Slaughter A., Zonneveld P. Protecting the connected barrels: Cybersecurity for upstream oil and gas // Deloitte Insights. London. U.K., Tech. Rep. 2017. 24 p.Pilkington, M. (2016), “Blockchain technology: Principles and applications”, Olleros, F. X. and Zhegu, M. (eds.), Research Handbook on Digital Transformations, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, U.K, North Hampton, MA, USA.Pilkington 2016 – Pilkington M. Blockchain technology: Principles and applications // Research Handbook on Digital Transformations / Ed. by F.X. Olleros, M. Zhegu. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Cheltenham, U.K. North Hampton, MA, USA. P. 225–253.S&P Global Platts (2018), Blockchain for Commodities: Trading Opportunities in a Digital Age.S&P Global Platts 2018 – S&P Global Platts. Blockchain for commodities: Trading opportunities in a digital age. 2018. 40 p.World Economic Forum (2017), Digital transformation initiative. Oil and gas industry, Geneva, Switzerland.World Economic Forum 2017 – World Economic Forum. Digital Transformation Initiative. Oil and Gas Industry. 2017. January. Geneva. Switzerland. 36 p.World Energy Council (2018), The developing role of blockchain, Version 1.0, London, U.K.World Energy Council 2018 – World Energy Council. The Developing Role of Blockchain, Version 1.0. London. U.K. 2018. 22 p.Zenkina, E.V. (2014), “Razvitie mezhdunarodnogo biznesa v postindustrial’noj ekonomike” [Development of international business in post-industrial economy], Izvestia MGTU «MAMI», Series «Economy and management», № 1 (19), рр. 34-36.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.