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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия «Экономика и управление»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU BULLETIN. Series Economics. Management. Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-7216</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6304-2020-3-72-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">economics-268</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль международных нефтяных компаний в создании новых центров мировой нефтедобычи (на примере Бразилии)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of international oil companies in the creation of new centers of world oil production (on the example of Brazil)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копытин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopytin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван А. Копытин, кандидат экономических наук</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Kopytin, Cand. оf Sci. (Economics)</p><p>bld. 23, Profsouznaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kopytin@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крамской</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kramskoi</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим В. Крамской</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Kramskoi</p><p>bld. 23, Profsouznaya Str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">whitestarbanner@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копытин И.А., Крамской М.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копытин И.А., Крамской М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopytin I.A., Kramskoi M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://economics.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/268">https://economics.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/268</self-uri><abstract><p>Значимым событием для мирового рынка нефти в последние годы стало утверждение Бразилии в качестве крупного нефтеэкспортера. В фокусе настоящей статьи – роль иностранного капитала в развитии бразильского нефтяного сектора в длительной исторической перспективе. Проведенный анализ позволил установить, что, во-первых, всякий раз, когда правительство Бразилии приоткрывало нефтяную промышленность для иностранных инвестиций нефтедобыча с некоторым временным лагом шла вверх. Во-вторых, открытие нефтяного сектора для иностранной конкуренции позитивно сказывается на национальной нефтяной компании Petrobras, которая играет центральную роль в реализации нефтяной политики правительством Бразилии. Доступ к иностранным инвестициям и технологиям и конкурентное давление повышает эффективность национальной нефтяной компании. В-третьих, на протяжении десятилетий условия деятельности для иностранных компаний в бразильском нефтяном секторе периодически менялись в зависимости от ситуации в национальной экономике. В периоды высокой экономической динамики Бразилия вводила ограничения на активность иностранных нефтяных компаний, при ухудшении экономической ситуации и обострении макроэкономических дисбалансов, напротив, правительство шло на либерализацию деятельности иностранного капитала в нефтедобыче. В статье сделан вывод, что в последние пять–семь лет вовлеченность международных вертикально-интегрированных нефтяных компаний в нефтяной сектор Бразилии достигла таких масштабов, что попытка в очередной раз усложнить и ухудшить бизнес-климат для международных инвесторов может обернуться не только экономическими, но и политическими коллизиями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Emergence of Brazil as a large oil exporter in the last years has become a significant development in the world oil market. The article focuses on the role played by foreign capital in development of the Brazil oil sector in the long historical perspective. The analysis led to the following conclusions. First, every time when Brazilian government was opened the oil industry for foreign investment, oil production went up with some time lag. Second, opening of the oil sector to foreign competition positively impacts the national oil company Petrobras, which plays a central role in the realization of the Brazilian government oil policy. Access to foreign investment and technology as well as competitive pressure increases the efficiency of the national oil company. Third, for decades terms of doing business for foreign companies in the Brazilian oil sector periodically changed depending on the situation in national economy. During periods of high economic dynamism Brazil introduced restrictions on activities of foreign oil companies, while with the deterioration of economic situation and aggravation in macroeconomic imbalances the government on the contrary opted for liberalization of foreign capital activity in oil production. It is concluded that in the last five – seven years the involvement of international vertically integrated oil companies in the Brazilian oil sector reached such a scale that any new attempt to complicate and impair business climate for foreign investors could result in not only economic but also political collusions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Бразилия</kwd><kwd>Petrobras</kwd><kwd>национальная нефтяная компания</kwd><kwd>международные частные нефтяные компании</kwd><kwd>либерализация</kwd><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>шельфовые месторождения</kwd><kwd>подсолевой слой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Brazil</kwd><kwd>Petrobras</kwd><kwd>national oil company</kwd><kwd>international private oil companies</kwd><kwd>liberalization</kwd><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>offshore oil fields</kwd><kwd>pre-salt layer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуков, Келимбетов 2014 – Жуков С.В., Келимбетов К.Н. 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