MANAGEMENT
The study highlights the priority and importance of digital technology implementation as one of the key factors in the development of the industry sector. In the context of the digitalization of the industrial sector, approaches to managing the labor productivity of IT specialists are of particular importance. In the field of personnel management, the focus is shifting from traditional methods used in HR analytics, which are limited to providing operational reporting, to predictive analytics, capable of building strategic forecasts by analyzing large amounts of data, allowing enterprises to make management decisions in a timely manner. Determination of cause-and-effect relationships between metrics calculated for various categories of personnel positions helps to prevent the outflow of high-potential specialists. It is noted that the application of the digital profile of the employee is the main component for deep analysis of the factors influencing the labor productivity of the personnel. It is emphasized that the use of artificial intelligence is the most promising innovative technology in HR analytics.
ECONOMY
The article presents an analysis of the theory (being developed) and practical implementation of the ideas for a regenerative economy as a mo del that contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals. The regenerative economy is considered in the unity of its three parts – the circulatory, “green” economy and the sharing economy, an interconnected and inte racting ecosystem. The main mechanisms are revealed that link them together, contributing to synergy in creating a new quality of the ecosystem of a regenerative economy. The main features of the three segments of the regenerative economy, their similarities, differences and goals are identified. The authors also give examples of the use of the imperatives of a regenerative economy in construction, the automotive industry, agriculture and other areas.
The coming to power of R.T. Erdogan at the head of the Justice and Development Party, which is called the party of moderate Islam, displayed a return to a number of traditional Islamic views on the economic theory and concept of public administration in Turkey. In this regard, the development of Islamic financial banks in the country is seen as a continuation of the trend towards the partial desecularization of society and the revival of traditional socio-economic institutions. In the case of Turkey, Sharia financial institutions are not labeled as “Islamic”, a term that is being avoided in both national laws and regulations governing the activities of those institutions.
The Turkish economy has been facing issues of the inflation and high interest rates in banks for decades, which are caused by market conditions. The widespread introduction of Islamic banking, including the development of ambitious projects, for example, the creation of another large single financial center in the East, may speak of some “imperial” ambitions of the country’s leadership rather than the creation of anti-crisis management mechanisms.
The article analyzes the results of exporting the Russian products in recent years, the sectoral structure of exports and the main partners of Russia by the end of 2021. The analysis is also carried out on the commodity structure and on the main partners of non-primary non-energy exports (NEE) of Russia, which has developed recently. The author considers measures to support the NEE of Russia, which are implemented with the help of state institutions engaged in export support, taking into account the imposed Western sanctions. She puts forward priority directions of sales for domestic products in export as well as examples of countries wishing to settle accounts with Russia on trade transactions in national currencies. It is noted that in many countries there is a demand for Russian products, which allows entrepreneurs to increase the NEE of Russia.
The article deals with the current topic of achieving technological sovereignty and technological independence of high-tech industries in the Russian Federation. It considers the notion and economic concept of the import substitution policy. Also following the study of scientific literature and foreign practice it identifies and characterizes, various types of import-substituting strategies . The analysis of foreign practice in the field of import substitution, resulted in identifying important tools in that area: stimulating and increasing investment, supporting especially important industries (providing independence in the technological sphere) through the use of a set of tax and other measures.
It is shown that import-substituting strategies should be supplemented by a set of industrial and innovation policies, as well as a meso-level development strategy. The author considers various points of view on achieving import independence in high-tech industries as well as the potential, main issues, tasks and directions for achieving technological sovereignty by the example of the electronic industry of the Russian Federation. The main principles of a new approach to managing the development of high-tech industrial complexes in order to achieve technological sovereignty are identified: a systematic approach, priority for the development of meso-level innovation ecosystems, consolidation of efforts in critical (priority) and promising areas for achieving technological sovereignty, selected taking into account the principle of optimality, focus on innovative activity and entrepreneurship, orienting perspective planning.
The development of infrastructure in the main spheres of human activity is one of the effective factors of economic growth. The infrastructure development contributes to the creation of a single economic space, the formation of a transport and logistics network across the country, the accumulation of highly qualified human capital, and the provision of energy for production. With regard to information technologies, there is no direct relationship with the pace of economic growth, but the accumulation of their critical mass has an impact on the quality of economic growth, as a result, increasing labor productivity and the level of socio-economic development. Recently, the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP) has been effectively used for the implementation of such projects. Thereupon the purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the implementation of classical public-private partnership projects in the housing, transport, social and IT spheres on economic growth in federal districts and regions. The methodology of the study is the analysis of systematized data, tables and diagrams obtained as a result of the distribution of the database on the PPP market by federal districts and regions. The results of the study are in assessing the impact of the development of infrastructure and information technologies based on PPP mechanisms on economic growth in federal districts and regions. There is a highlight in the main characteristics of infrastructure development in each area, contributing to the acceleration of economic growth. Following the results of the study, recommendations are given for further infrastructure development and investment in the areas considered.
LAW
The article deals with the issues of antimonopoly regulation of the activities of companies that are global digital giants. The activity of such companies is a kind of challenge for the antimonopoly authorities in all countries of the world. Against the background of the pandemic, digital platforms are gaining special importance and are rapidly increasing their market share. During the period of active development of the digital economy, which is based on the information technology and innovative solutions, issues arise that are not typical for traditional markets for goods and services. There is a need to develop a new system of antitrust regulation that can protect competition, but at the same time takes into account the interests of companies operating in digital markets. In the digital economy, the main categories of antimonopoly regulation are fundamentally changing: it is more difficult to determine whether the price is monopoly; the points of application of the above regulation are shifting, as more and more transactions take place online and it is impossible to determine a specific responsible person; it becomes more complicated to form an evidence base in an antitrust case.
Since the Internet overcomes both physical and legal boundaries, when building a regulatory system for the digital economy, it is necessary to take into account international experience and promote synchronization of the antitrust laws of those countries where the largest players in digital markets are based. Participants in economic activity do not try to compete in some commodity market, where are already many players, but generate new markets where they strive to become absolute monopolists. Today, “digital giants” have a large number of market power levers through the use and creation of new platforms, control and collection of data about users and product market participants, and the use of innovative methods of personalized marketing.
The article does not pretend to become a detailed research of such complicated and ambiguous concepts as empire, imperial consciousness, and mentality. All of them are applied to Germany of 1933–1945 only to answer the next three questions:
- if the Third Reich is considered to be an empire, what type of empire is it?
- is it possible to define the national consciousness of the German nation in the Third Reich as imperial?
- in what way has the imperial national consciousness been reflected in the classification of mentality types develop by the lawyers of the Third Reich? And how do the German lawyers interpret such a classification from the present day perspective?
To answer the first question, the author subjects a number of definitions of empire to a comparative analysis, distinguishing such “imperial” features that could be applied to Germany of 1933–1945 and characterize it as a nonclassical type of empire.
The answer to the second question requires from the author a sufficiently detailed description of the national German consciousness in the Third Reich and its definition as mass, totalitarian, and archetypical. All listed features reflect to certain extent the essence of imperial consciousness. However, such fact cannot be considered a reason for defining the national German consciousness as imperial, because the Third Reich chose as the main criteria for its state construction a race theory while the concept of empire presupposes a multinational and not a racially homogeneous society.
Answering the third question the author makes an attempt to characterize the national German consciousness through the prism of legal concepts used in the classification of mentality developed by the German la wyer K. Schmitt in the 30-s of the 20th century, perfected later by his apprentice O. Bruner and finally critically reassessed by a modern Israeli historian G. Al’gazi.
The modernization of civil law significantly expanded the capabilities of Russian citizens in the field of inheritance planning, endowing it with the possibility of the inheritance contracts. The article studies problematic aspects of the legal construction of the inheritance contract – a new institution in the inheritance law. The author analyzes its legal nature, determines its place in the legal system, and the ratio of the inheritance contract and the will. The article identifies the issues arising in the process of applying the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the inheritance contract, and suggests ways to eliminate them.