The article studies the key prerequisites for the formation of the scientific school “Theory and practice of sovereign social economy”, conditioned by the historical experience in the formation of elements of sovereign and socially oriented systems. It highlights the stages of the evolution of economic knowledge in Russian economic history, which had a decisive influence on theory and practice. It also reveals the main reasons for the dismantling of an open raw materials-based economy and identifies the main result of which was the formation of a model of “growth without development”, the criterion features of the emerging model of the economy of modern Russia, which sets the contours of a new paradigm of economic knowledge.
There is an analysis of previous theoretical and methodological developments formed within the framework of various scientific schools. The overall result boils down to the justification that, given the complexity of modern global processes and the challenges facing national economies, it becomes obvious that there is a need to move from fragmented solutions to a holistic concept of a sovereign social economy that reflects the logic of building an architecture and a clear definition of goals and objectives.
The goals of building and implementing a sovereign social economy as a concept are aimed at systematically ensuring national development that is sustainable to external and internal challenges by forming a balanced model of socio-economic relations that prioritizes both strengthening economic sovereignty and achieving a high level of social justice and public welfare.
The concept focuses on creating an economic environment that can effectively mobilize internal resources, stimulate the development of domestic production, science and technology, reduce dependence on external economic and political factors, and provide institutional support for basic industries that are critical to national security.

The article analyzes the state of the social contract in modern Russia, reveals the objective foundations of its existence, as well as social factors that represent the main subjects – the state represented by political power and society, which is represented in that context by the economically active population. A comparison of the main economic indicators with foreign countries is given, and the state of the national economy is characterized from the point of view of its compliance with the ongoing 4th and upcoming 5th industrial revolution. Particular attention is paid to answering the question of who determines the face of modern Russian society. The author comes to the conclusion that the decisive role is increasingly played by such a social community/class as the precariat, the number of which is constantly increasing. Based on statistical and sociological data, it is concluded that at present the concept of “social contract” is the most important theoretical and applied construct for the analysis and explanation of the evolutionary or revolutionary development of the state and society. An important component of the compliance and consent of the main subjects of the social contract is the search for an answer to the question – is the balance of power and balance of interests ensured, which begins with labor relations and ends with social, political and cultural aspects of life. That balance exactly shows how effectively and rationally the feedback is established, which indicates, if there is a social contract in place between the authorities and the people in all its diversity and complexity. Figuratively speaking, is there a social glue that provides the necessary trust and support of the majority or a significant number of people to ensure the sustainability of the existing state and society, their functioning and further development. It is such an approach that ensures the successful solution for the problems of a sovereign economy, which presupposes mutual responsibility of its participants, the degree of involvement and effective interaction in the implementation of the prospects for the development of Russian society.

Since 2022, Russia has been observing a general course towards sovereignization of macroeconomic policy, that is, ensuring its independence from external analytical centers, consultations, recipes and instruments. At the same time, the monetary and partly financial policy continues to be within the narrow stereotypical framework of the monetarist “mainstream”, which, for the sake of suppressing inflation, does not take into account the substantive basis for the functioning of the economy. The purpose of the study is to determine the content of sovereign economic policy and its main imperatives, showing the nature of the structural dynamics of the Russian economy, which is affected by the implemented basic guidelines of macroeconomic policy and the methods of its implementation. The methodology of the study is presented by the theory of economic policy within the framework of the classical doctrine of “goals – tools”, as well as the author’s principle of “distributed control” and the theory of structural dynamics. The overall result boils down to substantiating the fact that structural changes in the Russian economy in the period 2022– 2024 did not change the basic sectoral proportions. Moreover, the existing structural model of GDP dynamics has not undergone major changes with the dominance of gross consumption and a very modest contribution of investment expenditures (gross accumulation, including gross accumulation of fixed capital), which best determined the dynamics of GDP in 2023. Although economic policy has acquired greater sovereignty, moving away from neoclassical recipes for macroeconomic stabilization, since sectoral forms of policy have acquired greater scope, institutional regulation has strengthened, monetary policy, for example, continued to be in the perspective of neoliberal approaches. It worked to clearly restrain economic growth, preserving imperatives that cannot be considered attributes of sovereign policy.

The article specifies the concept of a megalopolis, its relationship with the concept of a large city. It is noted that, being a large association of people, a city is a special socio-cultural space in which new strategies of human behavior are produced and actualized, including their orientation toward new customs, traditions, values and laws. A city is a manifestation of “civilization” in the sense of its etymological meaning. A megalopolis, as the largest “attractive” city, is a striking example in which modern socio-cultural issues are addressed. It is highlighted that a megalopolis is an indicator of cultural development, which is indicative for other territories of spatial development.
Authors analyze cultural interaction within the framework of urbanization processes and give a concept of value attitudes of communicating parties from the standpoint of the fact that it is necessary for the implementation of high-quality cultural exchange. They argue that culture is a complex concept characterizing a special system of norms, values and rules of behavior that are formed on the basis of both the external environment and the environment created by society itself and is important in the socio-cultural study of large cities.

In a market economic system, competition is a key factor stimulating countries and companies to adapt to market changes. Therefore, in the era of scientific and technological progress, many strive to take leadership positions in the field of artificial intelligence. The article considers research by both Russian and foreign specialists, which analyzes the current state of the artificial intelligence market and presents prospects for its development. Also, for a more detailed analysis, the MTS company, which is a member of the alliance in the field of artificial intelligence, and other Russian companies that have introduced such technology into their processes are considered. Particular attention is paшd to the areas of application of artificial intelligence, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. The analysis also considers the main obstacles that hinder Russian companies from implementing AI, among which are the dependence on foreign technologies, resistance from employees, and regulatory restrictions. The concluding part looks into prospects for the development of artificial intelligence in Russia, focusing on the enhancement of generative technologies, their integration into the educational process, and the scaling of their use in customer service.

The article highlights an importance of introduction of effective management system for the intellectual capital of an enterprise in modern conditions of digitalization of business processes. It notes that proactive and strategic approach to managing intangible assets such as the components of intellectual capital of an enterprise makes it possible for them to create and maintain sustainable competitive advantages in a rapidly changing business environment. Practical experience in applying various management methods indicates the need to adapt intellectual capital management processes to new conditions, taking into account the impact of digital technologies on all components of intellectual capital. At the same time, it is proposed to focus on the development of digital skills and competencies of employees, automate knowledge and innovation management processes, and improve interactions with customers and suppliers through digital channels.

The article presents the results of the author’s research on the role and development trends of personnel relocation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of staff relocation in the context of business scaling, identify the main categories of relocated personnel, factors of their motivation and demotivation to move for work.
Based on the analysis of statistical data, research results of consulting companies and experts, as well as practical experience in implementing personnel relocation programs, its main issues have been identified and directions for their solution shown.

Digital transformation of global economy has a significant impact on modern financial markets in different countries. The paper discusses the key features of financial markets functioning in current conditions, considers a wide range of factors, including the introduction of innovative digital financial technologies and artificial intelligence, which affect the development of both the global financial market and the financial markets of individual countries. It is noted that modern development trends require the new rules and standards for regulating activities that ensure consumer protection and financial system stability, since digital transformation of business processes in the economy creates both new opportunities and is associated with increased risks and threats. The authors emphasize importance of sustainable development and sharpening the attention to ESG factors, which are becoming key aspects for many consumers in the modern world. Further to that the evolutionary stages and features of Russia’s financial market development are reviewed along with an analysis of the indicators used to assess the current state of the national financial market.

The article deals with the study of the prospects for economic cooperation between Russia and India in the context of new geopolitical realities. The authors consider the key areas of interaction between the two countries, including trade, investments, the pharmaceutical industry, cinema, energy, infrastructure, and the defense industry. Special attention is paid to Indian investments in the Russian economy. The paper analyzes the mechanisms of interaction at both the state and regional levels, intergovernmental committees and forums concerned with strengthening business ties and stimulating innovative development. It also highlights the role of India as a strategic partner for Russia in the fields of nuclear energy and resource processing. The authors aim to analyze current trends in economic cooperation between Russia and India, as well as to investigate the influence of contemporary geopolitical factors on Russian-Indian economic relations. The article concludes that Russian-Indian economic relations possess significant potential for growth in the context of the emerging new multipolar system of international relations.

This article deals with the study of China’s role in trans-regional economic processes in the Eurasian space. The topic has become relevant, on the one hand, due to the fact that the Chinese economy today provides more than 30 percent of global growth and on the other hand, the intensification of US–Chinese rivalry, tightening Western economic sanctions and, as a result, falling demand in the American and European markets – slow down China’s foreign trade. The purpose of the article is to analyse trade and investment relations between China and EAEU, GCC, ASEAN and SCO. The statistical base of the study is based is premised on data from the United Nations, the IMF, UNCTAD, Development Bank of China. A model of trans-regional economic ties is proposed to analyse China’s influence within the institutional dimension. The article shows that China is currently facing the fact that America and Europe are seeking to rebuild supply chains by creating alternative transport corridors that may limit China’s ability to influence trans-regional ties. In conclusion, it is justified that Chinese projects under the aegis of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative are being successfully implemented today and contribute to the formation of trans-regional economic ties in Eurasia, despite certain disagreements both at the regional and global levels.

The article deals with the study of the digital transformation of the global and national financial systems, and the assessment of the impact of digitalization on the financial policy of banks, both at the macro and micro levels. Highlighting the positive and negative effects of digitalization of the economy allows finding new approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the financial policy of banks. Such a situation is caused by the fact that in order to assess the effectiveness of financial policy, it is necessary to correctly determine the expected effect of its implementation. The purpose of the study is to identify the main effects of the influence of the digital transformation of the economy on the financial policy of banks. The objectives of the study are: to study the digitalization of the financial, including banking, sector of the economy; identifying trends affecting the banking sector; analysis of the dynamics of indicators characterizing the digitalization of the banking sector in the Russian economy. The subject of the study is the transformation processes in the financial system and banking policies under the influence of the economy digitalization. The authors, in the process of research, applied the following set of general scientific methods: comparative analysis of sources, synthesis of scientific knowledge, statistical methods. The result of the study is a list of the main effects of introducing digital technologies into the financial processes of banks. The authors conclude that the structure and dynamics of digital transformations in the economy, including the global financial system, directly affect the transformation of the financial policy of banks, both at the macro and micro levels, what also affects the interaction between the elements of the financial system.

Under the influence of historical changes that took place in Germany during the period of national socialism and after the WW2, German legal scholars C. Schmitt and C. Larenz repeatedly returned to the topic of legal thinking: Schmitt – in such works on the theory of law and political theory as “Dictatorship” (1921), “Political Theology” (1922), “On Three Types of Legal Thinking” (1934), “Nomos of the Earth” (1950) and “Tyranny of Values” (1960). Larenz did his research on legal thinking in “Legal Entity and Subjective Law as a Turn to Basic Legal Concepts” (1935), “On the Logic of a Concrete Concept” (1940) and “Methodology of Jurisprudence” (1960), all of them being of narrower than Schmitt’s focus. In order to identify the method and type of legal thinking, Schmitt developed a doctrine of thinking in categories of a concrete order, Larenz – a study of concrete-universal concepts. Both intellectual constructs are characterized by a high degree of their adaptability to legal values, the idea of which was revealed by Schmitt and Larenz in the process of constitutionalization of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany when constitutional rights were granted a value status.
The paper deals with the conceptual analysis of legal thinking in Germany of the 30–40s of the 20th century from the position of Carl Schmitt and Carl Larenz and the comparison of their ideas about legal values enshrined in the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany. The relevance of such an analysis is explained by (a) the lack of Russian research devoted to a comparative analysis of views shared by Schmitt and his contemporaries and (b) the lack of Larenz’s books translated into Russian. As for the works of foreign legal theorists on the stated theme, the most detailed comparative analysis undertaken by Schmitt and Larenz was carried out by Bernd Rüthers (1930–2023), a German legal scholar, whose works the author of the paper will repeatedly refer to.

The article deals with the study of some issues that arise in the process of concluding the inheritance contract, which acts as an effective tool for hereditary planning. The article analyzes the conditions to be agreed by the parties concluding the inheritance contract, considers the requirements for its subject composition, form and procedure for notarization. The article also shows the specifics of concluding inheritance contracts with the participation of spouses. The author identified gaps existing in the norms of the current legislation on the inheritance contract, which create difficulties in the process of its conclusion. Based on the analysis of theoretical provisions and law enforcement practice, a number of amendments and additions to the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are proposed.