The article assesses the influence of environmental factors on the development of the market of alcohol and alcohol-containing products. The necessity for using a wide range of measures of the direct and indirect market regulation to achieve national goals and objectives of social development is argued.

In different periods of historical development of Russia there was a need to create unique mono-settlements (single-industry or monostructuredtowns), later called single-industry towns. The difficult geographical location, natural and climatic conditions, economic and political course of the country – all that contributed to the creation and development of single-industry towns.

Regardless of the periods of transformation of the political, economic and social state of the country in different periods of time, the successful functioning of single-industry towns depends entirely on the effective activities of the city-forming enterprises that form the labor market, while stimulating the demand for jobs, contribute to the favorable development of the industrial capacities and production, and that are the main source of income for local budgets. Their stability and capacity for diversification have a direct impact on the quality and standard of living, social well-being of the population, socio-economic and infrastructural development of the territories, as well as stimulate an increase in the purchasing power of the population.

At the same time, single-industry towns are particularly vulnerable and unprotected during economic downturns and crisis phenomena in the economy. Also an impact on the functioning of the city-forming enterprises is produced by sanctions policy of foreign States aimed at industries or a particular enterprise of a certain affiliation.

The changing development strategy of the country influences the economic structure of single-industry towns through the creation of comprehensive programs for the development of those territories and through the state support. 

Administrative readiness of future manager to an increase in employees’ individual labour efficiency is a current issue of modern economy. The author describes training process of future managers for the management of an increase in labour efficiency basing on the theory and methodology of professional education, as well as an experience of combined activity of the leading enterprises and business school.

Using modeling method the author developed models: “Profile of an employee with the effective labor return”, “Current administrative issues in training the manager for an increase in individual labour efficiency”, “Professional knowledge and abilities of the manager on the conditions formation for employee’s effective labour efficiency”. Development of models was carried out on the basis of system-genesis. A variety of the used complex training methods performed a diagnostic function. That made it possible to verify the consistency of knowledge, the level and strength of the formed skills. The levels of preparedness of future managers for managing the employee’s labour efficiency were achieved on the basis of the developed criteria and monitoring. 

This article discusses the issues of the mutually beneficial economic, scientific and technical cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan in the field of space exploration and the activities of each of the parties in the framework of that cooperation. It carries out the critical analysis of directions in the economic and technological cooperation of different countries in space exploration and its results affecting the development of an innovative economy. The author proposes modification of the interstate economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia, forming the basis for deeper integration of the economies of the two countries.

The article presents the author’s approach to the system transformation in the economy of Kazakhstan, having at its root the Eurasian trend and the balance with the APR States. The author gives an analysis of the interaction between Kazakhstan and China as a key participant and partner in the further evolution of Kazakhstan’s economic sectors.

The road map for the business interstate cooperation between Kazakhstan and Belarus is defined. Conclusions are made about the future of the region and the further influence of investors on the development of Kazakhstan as a key player between the Asia-Pacific region and the Eurasian participants of the global economy. 

The objective of this work is to examine fiscal sustainability of the Russian regions by means of Bohn test based on the idea that strictly positive and statistically significant reaction of the primary budget balance to changes in public debt is a sufficient condition for fiscal sustainability. To that end we assembled panel data covering 81 subjects (regions) of the Russian Federation for 2006–2017, examined descriptive statistics and used LSDV method to estimate the two-way fixed effects model. Descriptive statistics show that in regional finance large and frequent deficit prevailed over long-term surplus for reasons rooted in fiscal relations between the federal government and regional authorities. The test revealed negative and statistically significant reaction of the primary balance to regional debt, which casts doubt on the ability of regional authorities to pursue sustainable fiscal policies. Their fiscal problems, however, do not boil down to official default on financial and expenditure commitments because the federal center provides generous financial support to the regions and absorbs much of their cost of financing through the system of soft budget constraints cultivated at both levels of government. The ultimate creditor is all tax-paying Russia and, if tax revenues are not enough, the holders of Russia’s public debt.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the 21st century, one of the main ways to improve the competitiveness of Russian industrial enterprises is the introduction of an optimal development strategy, while in order to achieve maximum efficiency of an enterprise, strategic activities must be of a system character. In this regard, the article is aimed at identifying the classification characteristics of the strategies for the industrial enterprise development and their systematization. The basic approach to the study of that issue is a system approach to the studied economic phenomena. The set of tasks identified the need to apply the following methods when writing the article: the monographic, abstract-logical, analytical analysis and synthesis. The author substantiates that the development strategy of an industrial enterprise is presented in the form of a set of the economic goals, means for their achievement and indicators determining the degree of achievement of the goals set. Also in the article several types of strategies are systematized. The materials of the article are of practical value for use in the management practice of industrial enterprises, and can also be applied in analyzing the development of a particular industrial enterprise.

The article considers theoretical issues of the criminal identity and emphasizes the importance of studying them for solving practical tasks in fighting crime. Various structures of the personality, which are of criminoogical and penitentiary interest, are presented. The author substantiates an opinion that the correction of criminals, primarily in places of deprivation of liberty, should be based on psychotherapeutic influence. Such exposure should be focused on the subjective causes of criminal behavior. Among them, the motives deserve special attention. In this regard, principal considerations about the motives and motivation are stated. Most common motives are named.

The essence of any legal system in the concrete state depends on what is actually recognized in it as the main source of law.

The sources of the national-socialist law traditionally were the types of standard legal thinking. The best-known model of such standardization is mentality [in the categories] of a concrete order (konkretes Ordnungsdenken ,with its aim as not so far to excuse a crime but rather to publicly “glorify” a criminal as a result of which the latter seemed a superman (Übermensch) to himself and the others. It was such type of thinking that was subject to formation, which, in turn, stemmed from three proceeding sources, that is: theory of probability, Maurice Hauriou’s theory of judicial institutionalism and theory of judicial Neo-Hegelianism. Within the above mentioned theories, the author attempts to analyze the conception of subhuman combining it with such methods of enforcement as the general clauses relating to the legal system of the Third Reich that derives from the Holy Vehmic courts (Femgericht) (also spelt Feme), the tribunal system in Germany during the late Middle Ages.

After the analysis having been done the author came to the conclusion that the legal system and political ideology of the Third Reich was aimed at the formation of the standard national mentality that defined people’s behavior in the direction desired for German Nazism. 

The article analyzes the problematic aspects of the principles of law in modern legal doctrine and practice: their normative or non-normative nature; their possible status as formal sources of law; methodological role in the analytical determination of the degree of the development and the legal quality of the regulatory systems, institutions and practices. It justifies the possibility of applying the principles of law to form a non-essentialist definition of the “essence of law”, what would allow operational use of such a concept in empirical study the legal systems both particularly and in its commutative analyses.