The article deals with the issues of improving the efficiency of education in Russia. To this end, a set of measures in five areas was formulated and a list of tasks for the implementation of the proposed measures was compiled. Recommendations on the organization of continuing education are formulated in the following sequence: school; University (professional education); additional vocational education; mass online education.

Two forms of continuing education are considered in more detail: additional vocational education and mass online training. The organization of additional vocational education is based on the state system of personal digital certificates and other programs for the development of digital literacy. Depending on the level of training, available skills, work experience and availability of free time, potential students can choose the course that they need to develop competencies for work in the field of digital economy. The online education market in Russia is actively developing. In 2016, it amounted to 20.7 billion rubles, and in 2021, experts expect it to increase to 53.3 billion rubles. The concept of continuing education can be implemented in the best way if the structure of online education is developed and approaches to motivation in education are improved. Self-assessment of the level of professional qualification, the desire to obtain a new profession, change of residence are the motivations of readiness for training. It is only necessary to provide citizens with conditions for learning, depending on each age group.

The article examines the impact of labour costs and their elements (conditionally variable and conditionally fixed costs, compensation and investment costs) on value added by the example of organizations that are members of the Belarusian State Concern for the Production and Sale of Light Industry Products (Bellegprom Concern), for the period 2012-2016. Following the analysis of panel data and tests, the most consistent and efficient models (FE and RE) were selected, and the regression coefficients were calculated and interpreted. The results can be used by the organizations of the Concern in managing labour costs to ensure the growth of value added.

Influencing the system of design management, the project management office promotes achievement of competitive advantages by the bank, reducing to a certain extent the risks of project management. However the potential opportunities of the project management office are realized not in all commercial banks. Often its role is limited to simple project management in its strict meaning. The article defines the concept of project management offices and analyzes their role in Russian commercial banks. It identifies models of project management offices. The results and implementation guidelines of project management offices in the bank structure are formulated.

The article is devoted to the study of the human capital formation in the enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Russia, considered by the example of JSC «Corporation “Tactical missile weapons”». The article presents results of the monitoring for the period 2003-2019. It considers the determining factors affecting the formation process of human capital at the enterprise: the socio-psychological climate within the collective, management style, professionalism of management personnel, working conditions.

The technological process and digitalization are changing the structure of the global economy. A gradual shift of industries with the maximum export potential from traditional sectors to a high-tech, knowledge-intensive sphere with a growing share of services is expected. The state needs to formulate a new, industrial and sectoral, pro-export economic policy for the fabrication of the higher processing products, the provision of knowledge-intensive and intellectual services. That will allow expanding the presence of Russian goods in foreign markets. The article analyzed the key sectors that require preemptive investment (the sectors with the greatest potential for increasing exports by 2024) and specified the basic measures of state support. The study identified the key commercial markets for products of those industries. High-tech exports and exports of services should be an alternative to commodity specialization in Russians foreign trade.

In the present article it is noted that now in the sphere of the international economic coordination new trends arise. First of all it concerns an internationalization of yuan (RMB) as newest phenomenon for global economy. The observed high rates of economic growth of China and also of the PRC foreign trade are a good basis for strengthening of a currency system of China and its monetary unit – yuan. China actively and persistently promotes its currency at the international level, what leads to the formation of the yuan block.

The article analyzes the different directions of transport development of the Northern regions of Russia. It defines main advantages of the realization of development projects for transport infrastructure in the context of the internal and external economic relations development. The difficulties of the development of a full-fledged transport and logistics system in the Northern regions of Russia are formulated.

The paper studies the influence of the innovation and technological factors on the sustainable development of the economic system. The world history of economic development shows us that any economic system is characterized by a general pattern, expressed in the need for the development of scientific and technological base, and of using those developments to improve an efficiency of the system. Industrial revolutions have repeatedly given a dramatic development to the unprecedented progress in the productive forces of society. In those terms, one can conclude that it is innovations in technological progress that have a decisive influence on the sustainable development of the economic system.

The article investigates the main reasons for the low level of cooperative entrepreneurship in Russia. A historical review of the state of the cooperative movement of pre-revolutionary Russia is also given. The analysis is based on studies conducted by the International cooperative Alliance, such as the world cooperative monitoring and calculations of the Cooperative economic index. The interrelation between the level of development of the state, democratic, cultural, social, economic institutions and the level of development of cooperatives in the country is considered. It is also noted that Russia until 1917 and before the absolutization of state property, was a world leader in the number of cooperatives and their impact on the development of various economic sectors. The article presents an attempt to explain the small number of cooperative enterprises in the country through the indicators of Hofstede cultural dimensions used to assess differences between Nations and cultures in the organization and conduct of economic activities. Also, in order to assess the institutional environment for the development of cooperative entrepreneurship in the country the author studied: the indicator of the ease of opening and doing business in the country (Doing Business); the indicator of the quality of public administration (Governance Indicators); the indicator of socio-economic stratification (Gini Coefficient); the Democracy Index (Democracy Index). The basic institutional reasons for the low development of cooperative entrepreneurship in the country are identified.

An attempt to prove that crime had existed in primitive society, long before writing appeared, is made. It consisted of the assault on life, health, property, dignity of a man, on all those rules that were to protect him from other worldly forces and of breaking his welfare. Punishment could be very strict, up to the death penalty. The present article is based on works by L. Levy-Brühl, Z. Freud, D.D. Fraser, R. Osborne, E.B. Taylor, E. Durkheim, B. Malinowski, F. Engels.